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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Karin L Meeker1, Gordon An2, Aristeidis Sotiras3

  • 1Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain atrophy shows distinct subtypes, with medial-temporal sparing linked to higher pathology and cognitive decline. These spatial atrophy patterns are generalizable across diverse populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research
  • Brain Atrophy Subtyping

Background:

  • Biological heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) correlates with varied clinical outcomes and treatment responses.
  • Spatial atrophy patterns are consistently identified but their generalizability across diverse populations remains unclear.
  • This study aimed to characterize spatial atrophy subtypes and their associated profiles in a large, representative sample.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize spatial atrophy subtypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) within a diverse, community-based cohort.
  • To investigate the sociodemographic, comorbidity, cognitive, and pathological correlates of these identified subtypes.
  • To assess the generalizability of spatial atrophy subtypes across ethno-racial groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural MRI data from the Health and Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD) cohort, including diverse participants.
  • Applied the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to derive spatial atrophy subtypes.
  • Compared sociodemographic, comorbidity, cognitive, and biomarker (amyloid/tau PET, white matter hyperintensities) data across identified subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Identified three main atrophy subtypes: medial-temporal (MTL)-predominant, MTL-sparing, and diffuse atrophy, in addition to controls.
  • Individuals with atrophy, particularly the MTL-sparing subtype, showed greater Alzheimer's pathology (amyloid, tau), poorer cognition, and higher rates of cognitive impairment.
  • Atrophy subtypes were similarly distributed across Hispanic, Black, and White participants, indicating generalizability.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial atrophy subtypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are generalizable across diverse populations and linked to distinct pathological and cognitive profiles.
  • The findings suggest that clinical outcomes and treatment responses may differ based on atrophy subtype.
  • These insights can inform the design of clinical trials and advance precision medicine approaches for AD.