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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Chenyu Liu1, Liangliang Zhang1

  • 1Case Western Reserve Univeristy, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

APOE4 gene carriers exhibit altered gut microbiome composition, potentially increasing Alzheimer's disease risk via the gut-brain axis. This suggests microbiome-targeted interventions could mitigate genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiome research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis describes communication between the gut microbiome and central nervous system, influencing neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • APOE4 allele is the primary genetic risk factor for AD, but its link to the gut microbiome is poorly understood.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for a comprehensive view of AD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between APOE4 genotype and gut microbiome composition in healthy older adults.
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa that differ between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers.

Main Methods:

  • Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of stool samples from 114 healthy participants (mean age 77).
  • Analysis of alpha and beta diversity to assess microbiome structure.
  • Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and differential taxonomic analysis to identify group differences.

Main Results:

  • While alpha diversity was similar, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in gut microbiome composition between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers (p=0.003).
  • APOE4 carrier status remained a significant predictor of microbiome composition (p=0.039).
  • Specific bacterial species, including Alistipes finegoldii and Odoribacter splanchnicus, were more abundant in non-carriers, potentially indicating a protective mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • APOE4 carriers possess distinct gut microbiome profiles, potentially exacerbating neuroinflammation and AD risk through the gut-brain axis.
  • This highlights the interaction between genetic predisposition (APOE4) and the gut microbiome in AD.
  • Microbiome-based therapeutic strategies may offer a novel approach to reduce AD risk in genetically susceptible individuals.