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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Extraction of Structural Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Aerobic Granular Sludge
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Orchestrating the continuous self-circulating granular sludge process: An intelligent platform for real-time adaptive

Wei-Kang Qi1, Yue-Mei Wu1, Wei Xu1

  • 1National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Water Research
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an integrated framework for optimizing the separate aeration self-circulating technology (Zier) process. It enhances wastewater treatment efficiency and reduces energy consumption through advanced modeling and real-time control.

Keywords:
Aerobic granular sludgeContinuous flow bioreactorParameter modelingReal-time controlSeparate aeration

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Wastewater Treatment Technologies
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The separate aeration self-circulating technology (Zier) is a continuous-flow aerobic granular sludge process with high treatment potential.
  • Operational performance of Zier is limited by complex interdependencies among various operational parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrated framework for parameter modeling, simulation, and real-time control of the Zier process.
  • To optimize reactor design and operational strategies for enhanced pollutant removal and energy efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Development of predictive models for key operational parameters like upflow velocity and aeration rate.
  • Multi-scenario simulations to identify optimal reactor geometry and operational conditions.
  • Implementation of a real-time adaptive control strategy for system stabilization.

Main Results:

  • Accurate predictive models enabled precise operational control.
  • Optimal laboratory-scale reactor dimensions (radius 0.175-0.3 m, height-to-radius ratio 6-10) were identified.
  • Simulations showed potential for ~70% enhanced ammonium removal with higher sludge settling velocities.
  • Real-time control maintained effluent NH4+-N < 5 mg/L and reduced aeration energy by ~59%.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated framework provides a robust simulation tool for the Zier process.
  • A foundational control strategy enables intelligent, automated, and highly efficient operation.
  • This approach facilitates significant improvements in wastewater treatment performance and energy savings.