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Tracking changes in pharmacy students' engagement with ChatGPT: A comparative cross-sectional study (2023-2024).

Makiko Iwasawa1, Masahiro Kobayashi2, Katsuya Otori3

  • 1Division of Clinical Pharmacy (Drug Information) and Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0375, Japan.

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Despite increased exposure, ChatGPT use and AI literacy remain limited. Structured AI education is essential for responsible and effective use in pharmacy education.

Keywords:
AI literacyArtificial intelligenceChatGPTComparative analysisPharmacy educationStudent perceptiongenerative AI

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Artificial Intelligence in Education

Background:

  • ChatGPT's launch sparked interest and concern in education, leading to policy shifts from restrictive to conditional use between 2023-2024.
  • Increased student exposure to ChatGPT necessitates understanding its impact on AI literacy and educational practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare AI knowledge and ChatGPT appropriate use literacy between 2023 and 2024 student cohorts.
  • To examine student motives for using ChatGPT, reasons for non-use, concerns, and perceived needs for AI education.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study utilizing online surveys in 2023 and 2024.
  • Assessed AI knowledge, ChatGPT impressions, and appropriate use literacy using validated questionnaires.
  • Analyzed qualitative responses thematically and quantitative data using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Main Results:

  • Students describing ChatGPT showed higher AI knowledge, but appropriate use literacy did not improve.
  • In 2024, 62.2% supported integrating AI education; concerns included reliability, overreliance, guidance, and privacy.
  • Non-users cited lack of necessity and technical barriers; thematic analysis revealed both benefits and challenges of ChatGPT use.

Conclusions:

  • Increased ChatGPT exposure has not significantly improved AI literacy or appropriate use in pharmacy education.
  • Structured artificial intelligence education is crucial for fostering responsible and effective ChatGPT utilization among students.