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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Roberto Vicidomini1, Rifa Sanjida Punnota1, Paul Edison1,2

  • 1Imperial College London, London, Greater London, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment (Chemobrain) in breast cancer patients is linked to reduced grey matter volume in specific brain regions. These changes may increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy, while improving cancer survival, causes side effects impacting quality of life.
  • Chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment (Chemobrain) affects ~33% of breast cancer patients, with variable long-term outcomes.
  • Investigating Chemobrain's causes and phenotype is crucial for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroanatomical and cognitive differences between breast cancer patients with and without Chemobrain.
  • To identify specific brain regions affected by chemotherapy-induced cognitive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Neurocognitive pre-screening of 270 breast cancer patients using an AI platform.
  • In-person neurocognitive assessments and 3-Tesla MRI scans for 18 patients with poorer scores and 19 controls.
  • Region of Interest (ROI) and Voxel-Based Morphometric (VBM) analysis of MRI images.

Main Results:

  • Chemobrain patients showed significantly lower grey matter volume and surface area in regions including the left isthmus cingulate and pars opercularis.
  • VBM analysis revealed decreased grey matter in periventricular areas, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and parietal/medial frontal lobes in chemotherapy patients.
  • Chemobrain patients exhibited poorer semantic/verbal fluency and lower MMSE scores.

Conclusions:

  • Affected brain regions in Chemobrain overlap with those in Small Vessel Disease, Vascular Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
  • Chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation may disrupt the neurovascular unit, causing toxicity and brain morphological changes.
  • These findings highlight potential links between Chemobrain, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative conditions.