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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yuan Cai1,2,3, Joyce R Chong4, Mitchell Kim Peng Lai5,6

  • 1Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A multi-biomarker model combining demographic factors, cognitive scores, and biomarkers like GFAP and AD-RAI effectively predicts cognitive decline in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • The AD Resemblance Atrophy Index (AD-RAI) shows promise as a neurodegeneration biomarker.
  • Emerging NIA-AA criteria include inflammation (GFAP) and vascular (WMH) markers alongside traditional AD biomarkers.
  • Predicting early cognitive decline using combined biomarkers requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the predictive performance of individual and combined biomarkers for cognitive decline in non-demented individuals.
  • To assess the utility of inflammation and vascular biomarkers in conjunction with AD-RAI and other markers.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 314 non-demented participants (Singapore memory clinic) with 2-year follow-up.
  • Collected baseline plasma biomarkers (GFAP, NfL, p-tau181, Aβ42) and MRI measures (AD-RAI, hippocampal volume, WMH).
  • Defined cognitive decline as a one-point increase in CDR-SB score within 2 years.

Main Results:

  • 77 participants (24.5%) experienced cognitive decline.
  • Plasma GFAP (AUC: 0.73) and AD-RAI (AUC: 0.72) showed significant predictive value.
  • A comprehensive model including demographics, CDR-SB, plasma biomarkers (GFAP, Aβ42), AD-RAI, and WMH achieved the highest predictive performance (AUC: 0.83).

Conclusions:

  • A multi-biomarker approach integrating demographic data, cognitive scores, and biomarkers (GFAP, Aβ42, AD-RAI, WMH) effectively predicts cognitive decline.
  • Combining co-pathology biomarkers with AD-RAI and plasma Aβ biomarkers enhances predictive models.
  • Further validation in diverse cohorts is necessary to confirm generalizability.