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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Futao Chen1, Bing Zhang1,2, Qian Chen1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) alterations in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are linked to spatial navigation deficits. Ultra-high field MRI reveals these DFC changes, offering potential biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents a critical early stage for Alzheimer's disease (AD) intervention.
  • SCD is associated with alterations in dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) and spatial navigation dysfunction.
  • The relationship between DFC and spatial navigation in SCD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate DFC characteristics in SCD using ultra-high spatiotemporal resolution fMRI (5.0T).
  • To explore the relationship between DFC changes, spatial navigation, and cognitive performance in individuals with SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 49 normal controls (NC) and 46 individuals with SCD.
  • Conducted comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, spatial navigation tests, and 5.0T fMRI.
  • Identified DFC states using sliding window and k-means clustering, calculating temporal properties.
  • Assessed correlations between DFC temporal properties, spatial navigation, and cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • Identified four distinct DFC states.
  • SCD group showed altered DFC state transitions, with more windows and longer dwell times in a low-connectivity state (state 3).
  • Significant associations were found between DFC temporal properties, spatial navigation function, and cognitive performance.

Conclusions:

  • 5.0T ultra-high spatiotemporal resolution fMRI effectively detects DFC changes in SCD.
  • Altered DFC temporal properties in SCD may underlie spatial navigation impairments.
  • DFC alterations serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for preclinical AD detection.