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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Juliana Moreno Rada1,2,3,4, Luisa María Zapata Saldarriaga1,2,3,4, Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes4

  • 1Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.

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PubMed
Summary

Electroencephalography (EEG) and dual-task (DT) paradigms effectively differentiate carriers of the PSEN1-E280A variant, a genetic cause of Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD). These non-invasive biomarkers show promise for early ADAD detection in preclinical stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Development
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Colombia has the largest Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD) kindred due to the PSEN1-E280A variant.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) is an under-development biomarker for ADAD, aiding in understanding brain function and electrophysiological changes.
  • Dual-task (DT) paradigms are useful for detecting cognitive impairments in neurodegenerative diseases like ADAD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of EEG and DT paradigms as biomarkers for identifying individuals with the PSEN1-E280A variant.
  • To assess brain function and electrophysiological changes in asymptomatic carriers versus non-carriers.
  • To explore non-invasive, portable tools for early ADAD detection.

Main Methods:

  • EEG data were collected from asymptomatic PSEN1-E280A carriers (n=37) and non-carriers (n=42) using the OpenBCI system.
  • A dual-task paradigm involved motor tasks (single-task) and combined motor-cognitive tasks (subtraction or verbal fluency).
  • Dual-task cost (DTC) was calculated, and spectral and neural dynamics features were extracted and statistically analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Significant effect sizes were observed in entropy for Beta1 and Beta3 bands (frontal regions) during cognitive tasks (DTS7, DTS1).
  • Relative power in Beta2 (C4) during DTAN and Theta/Alpha1 modulation (frontal) during DTS7 showed notable differences.
  • Alpha2 modulations in frontal regions during DTS7 were also significant.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental approach successfully extracted brain information distinguishing PSEN1-E280A carriers from non-carriers.
  • DTC values in alpha and beta bands (frontal and central regions) showed larger effect sizes, indicating sensitivity to preclinical differences.
  • This combination of EEG and DT paradigms offers enhanced, non-invasive tools for preclinical ADAD carrier identification.