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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yung-Shuan Lin1, Yu-Yang Hung1, Wei-Ju Lee2

  • 1Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels are higher in individuals with dementia and amyloid positivity. This suggests a potential synergy between neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a marker of astrocytic activation.
  • The relationship between GFAP, amyloid deposition, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully understood.
  • Investigating GFAP's role in modulating cognitive outcomes in the context of brain amyloid pathology is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between plasma GFAP levels and cognitive status across the AD continuum.
  • To investigate the influence of brain amyloid deposition on the relationship between plasma GFAP and cognitive decline.
  • To explore the potential predictive value of GFAP for cognitive decline in amyloid-positive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Recruitment of participants across the Alzheimer's disease continuum (cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, dementia) from two Taiwanese centers.
  • Measurement of plasma GFAP levels and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores at baseline and follow-up.
  • Utilizing Florbetaben 18F (FBB) amyloid PET scans to determine amyloid positivity (centiloid ≥30).

Main Results:

  • A total of 236 participants were included, with GFAP levels significantly associated with cognitive status, age, and APOE ɛ4 status.
  • Dementia patients exhibited higher GFAP levels compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals.
  • In amyloid-positive cognitively impaired individuals, higher GFAP levels were observed compared to amyloid-negative cognitively unimpaired and cognitively impaired individuals, with a significant interaction between GFAP and amyloid status.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma GFAP levels correlate with age, APOE ɛ4 status, and cognitive status, being elevated in dementia and amyloid-positive individuals.
  • GFAP may serve as a better predictor of cognitive decline in amyloid-positive individuals, indicating a potential interplay between neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the synergistic interaction between neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease progression.