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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Biomarkers.

Ping Che1, Nan Zhang2

  • 1Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Jin Tian, Jin Tian, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma placental growth factor (PlGF) is a potential biomarker for subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). Elevated PlGF levels accurately distinguish SIVD patients from controls and FTLD patients, correlating negatively with cognitive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Vascular Dementia Research

Background:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) significantly contributes to subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD).
  • Placental growth factor (PlGF), an angiogenic protein, may influence cerebrovascular permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate PlGF as a diagnostic biomarker for SIVD.
  • To explore the relationship between PlGF levels and cognitive function in SIVD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Included patients with SIVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTLD), and cognitively unimpaired controls (CUCs).
  • Utilized clinical evaluation, cognitive testing, MRI scans, and plasma PlGF concentration measurement via electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Main Results:

  • Plasma PlGF was significantly elevated in SIVD patients.
  • PlGF demonstrated high accuracy in differentiating SIVD from CUCs and FTLD, but weaker discrimination from AD.
  • Elevated PlGF levels negatively correlated with memory, information processing, executive function, language, visuospatial function, and overall cognitive scores, even after adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma PlGF shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker for SIVD.
  • PlGF levels are associated with cognitive impairment in SIVD.