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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

M Erin Moir1, Brandon G Fico1,2, Sarean Harmoni A Gaynor-Metzinger1

  • 1University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated cerebral pulsatility is linked to cerebrospinal fluid markers of neurodegeneration in cognitively unimpaired adults. This suggests pulsatility may be an early Alzheimer's disease biomarker, with potential for therapeutic intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular dysregulation, specifically elevated cerebral pulsatility, is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with aging.
  • The precise mechanisms linking increased pulsatility to brain health decline in humans are not fully understood.
  • Pulsatile flow may compromise the blood-brain barrier, affecting amyloid-β and tau levels, neuronal injury, and synaptic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between elevated cerebral pulsatility and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration.
  • To test the hypothesis that higher cerebral pulsatility correlates with markers of neurodegeneration in cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Main Methods:

  • 207 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged and older adults underwent lumbar puncture for CSF analysis and 3T MRI.
  • CSF was analyzed for neurodegeneration markers: α-synuclein, Aβ42, NfL, neurogranin, pTau, and tTau.
  • Cerebral pulsatility index (PI) was calculated from 4D flow MRI data of major intracranial arteries.

Main Results:

  • Elevated pulsatility index (PI) in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and right middle cerebral artery (MCA) correlated positively with neurofilament light (NfL) and total tau (tTau).
  • PI in the left ICA, left vertebral artery (VA), and basilar artery also showed positive associations with NfL.
  • Associations between PI and neurodegeneration markers persisted after accounting for age, with some sex-specific differences observed.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated cerebral pulsatility, quantified by 4D flow MRI, is associated with CSF biomarkers indicating neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction in cognitively unimpaired adults.
  • Cerebral pulsatility may serve as an early indicator for Alzheimer's disease risk.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing cerebral pulsatility could potentially mitigate neurodegeneration.