Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

524
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
524
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

676
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
676
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Postresuscitation Cerebral Vasospasm and Capillary Failure After Experimental Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Microglial activation is raised in preclinical Alzheimer's disease and associated with covert memory impairment.

Frontiers in dementia·2026
Same author

Activity driven sleep dynamics: A conceptual modeling study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Diffusion kurtosis imaging detects cortical microstructural alterations in amyloid-positive MCI patients.

Frontiers in dementia·2026
Same author

Neurodegeneration and energy depletion in MS: Links between tissue integrity loss and microvascular changes in white matter disease.

Neuroimage. Reports·2026
Same author

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Correlates and predictors of self-efficacy among dementia caregivers: D-CARE findings.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

What should convince a clinician of disease modification in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials?

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Primary cilia-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: Emerging mechanisms and biomarker potential.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Signe H Mikkelsen1, Oliver Bungaard Christensen1, Dmitry Postnov1

  • 1CFIN, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impacts brain capillaries, affecting oxygen delivery and potentially leading to cognitive decline. This study examines hippocampal capillary flow and oxygenation in aging mice to understand these changes.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Brain function relies on a healthy vascular network for oxygen and nutrient delivery.
  • Age-related vascular dysfunction, particularly in the hippocampus, may precede cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Hippocampal vascular topography differs from the cortex, making it uniquely susceptible to aging effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in hippocampal capillary flow dynamics.
  • To assess hippocampal oxygenation in aging.
  • To explore the link between vascular changes and cognitive function in aging.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo two-photon microscopy (TPM) and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) in awake, restrained young and aged female mice.
  • Indicator dilution technique to estimate capillary transit-time heterogeneity (CTH).
  • Oxygen-sensitive dyes for measuring partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and tissue oxygen tension (PtO2).
  • Spatial learning and memory assays to evaluate cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data indicate reduced dynamism in hippocampal capillary diameter estimates in aged mice compared to young mice.
  • Capillary flow dynamics in the hippocampus remained unchanged between young and aged mice in preliminary observations.
  • Further analysis will correlate vascular changes with oxygen levels and cognitive performance.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related alterations in hippocampal microvascular hemodynamics are evident.
  • Changes in oxygen availability may be linked to altered capillary flow distributions.
  • Understanding these vascular changes is crucial for comprehending age-induced cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.