Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

520
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
520
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

299
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
299
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

364
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
364
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

436
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
436
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

652
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
652
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

437
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
437

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing the Utility of Automated and Pen-And-Paper Cognitive Assessment Tools for Underrepresented Groups in the UK.

International journal of geriatric psychiatry·2026
Same author

Effectiveness of Emergency Department-Initiated Thromboprophylaxis Protocols in Reducing Venous Thromboembolism in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Review.

Cureus·2026
Same author

ER to: Molecular docking studies on α-amylase inhibitory peptides from milk of different farm animals.

Journal of dairy science·2026
Same author

Complement Dysregulation During the Early Phases of Synucleinopathy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Genetic studies identify known and novel variants for recessively inherited moderate to severe hearing loss in consanguineous families from Pakistan.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid and Itaconic acid exhibit broad spectrum synergy with conventional antibiotics in inhibiting multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of CSF and plasma tau species as fluid surrogate candidates for tau PET in prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with cognition and dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage modifies the efficacy of intensive blood pressure control on cognitive outcomes: A post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Evidence of APOE4-related brain vulnerabilities in verbal memory systems in midlife women.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Changes in DNA methylation-based aging predicts brain damage and dementia and reflects life-course cardiovascular risk.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

16.4K

Clinical Manifestations.

Caitlin H Illingworth1, Hina Khan1, Dorota Anna Braun1

  • 1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common cognitive tests misdiagnose minority groups. AI tool CognoSpeak shows promise in diverse populations, but language differences impact results. Further research is needed for equitable cognitive assessment.

More Related Videos

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

20.7K
Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

6.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
07:50

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

16.4K
Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

20.7K
Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling
09:08

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

6.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Current cognitive assessment tools exhibit bias, frequently misdiagnosing individuals from minority ethnic groups and those speaking English as an additional language.
  • The AI-powered CognoSpeak aims to provide a language-based memory assessment, but requires diverse training data to mitigate inherent biases.
  • Traditional research participation barriers hinder the inclusion of diverse populations in cognitive assessment studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of traditional cognitive assessments and the AI-based CognoSpeak tool in diverse ethnic and linguistic groups.
  • To investigate the impact of language background on cognitive assessment performance, particularly for non-native English speakers.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a community-centered research approach in recruiting diverse participants for cognitive assessment studies.

Main Methods:

  • Community research champions were trained to recruit and administer pen-and-paper (RUDAS, MCE, MoCA) and automated (CognoSpeak) cognitive assessments.
  • 146 participants from South Asian, Somali, and Chinese community groups were recruited, comprising over 60% of BAME participants in the CognoSpeak training cohort.
  • Cognitive assessments were administered to participants, all of whom were confirmed to be cognitively intact.

Main Results:

  • The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) miscategorized 39.8% of participants as cognitively impaired, in contrast to the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and Multicultural Cognitive Examination (MCE) which miscategorized only 0.8% (p<.001).
  • Somali participants scored significantly lower on CognoSpeak's verbal fluency tasks compared to monolingual English speakers (p<.001).
  • The absence of the phoneme "P" in the Somali language may artificially lower fluency scores, highlighting the importance of linguistic considerations in cognitive assessments.

Conclusions:

  • The MoCA may be inappropriate for minoritized communities and non-native English speakers due to potential biases.
  • A collaborative, community-based research approach effectively reduced barriers to participation for diverse ethnic groups.
  • Further analysis will present CognoSpeak's accuracy across various language backgrounds and ethnicities, aiming for more equitable cognitive assessment.