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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Catherine Demos1, Nikhil Padmanabhan1, Sree Uttarala1

  • 1Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC., Rockville, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newly developed immunoassays for TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) show promise as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. These assays enable sensitive detection in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, aiding research into disease mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).
  • Effective biomarkers are crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and progression.
  • Improved immunoassays are needed to detect TDP-43 and its disease-associated modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate novel research use only (RUO) standard and ultrasensitive S-PLEX immunoassays for TDP-43 and phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43).
  • To assess the utility of these assays in detecting TDP-43 and pTDP-43 in biological samples, including plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Main Methods:

  • Antibodies were screened against purified TDP-43 proteins, fragments, and biological samples (brain lysate, CSF, plasma) from individuals with ALS and healthy controls.
  • Standard and ultrasensitive S-PLEX assays were developed and characterized for TDP-43 and pTDP-43 detection.
  • Assay performance was evaluated based on quantitative range, sensitivity, dilution linearity, and specificity.

Main Results:

  • The standard TDP-43 assay demonstrated a quantitative range of 10-275,000 pg/mL, quantifying 100% of plasma samples.
  • The ultrasensitive S-PLEX TDP-43 assay (5-34,000 pg/mL) quantified 48% of CSF samples.
  • The S-PLEX pTDP-43 assay (1-50,000 pg/mL) quantified 100% of plasma samples, with ALS patient samples showing higher median plasma TDP-43 levels (p=0.0018) and lower median CSF TDP-43 levels (p=0.01) compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Newly developed immunoassays for TDP-43 and pTDP-43 serve as powerful research tools for neurodegeneration biomarker studies.
  • These assays facilitate the sensitive detection and quantification of TDP-43 and its phosphorylated form in clinically relevant samples.
  • The findings support the potential of TDP-43 and pTDP-43 as biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.