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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Rafaela Luiza Costa Franco1,2, Debora Afonso Silva Rocha2, Thaís Lopes Pinheiro2

  • 1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Comparing plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) isolation methods, ExoQuick ULTRA and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) show superior performance for detecting neurodegenerative disease biomarkers. These findings advance blood-based biomarker discovery for conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma are promising non-invasive biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Challenges in EV isolation from complex plasma hinder biomarker detection.
  • Optimizing EV isolation is critical for clinical translation of diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare different plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) isolation techniques.
  • To identify the most efficient method for detecting neurodegenerative disease biomarkers.
  • To evaluate EV isolation methods using the Simoa HD-X platform.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma EVs were isolated using super centrifugation, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and SmartSEC.
  • Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterized EV size, concentration, and morphology.
  • Ultrasensitive Simoa HD-X immunoassays were used to detect neurodegenerative biomarkers (NfL, GFAP) in EV cargo.

Main Results:

  • SEC yielded the highest particle concentration (10^14 particles/mL), while ExoQuick ULTRA and super centrifugation yielded 10^13 particles/mL.
  • TEM revealed SEC provided high particle yield with size heterogeneity (100-1000 nm), and ExoQuick ULTRA offered higher purity (30-150 nm exosomes).
  • Higher purity methods did not yield detectable biomarker levels with standard plasma volumes, necessitating further assessment.

Conclusions:

  • ExoQuick ULTRA and SEC demonstrated superior performance for plasma EV isolation.
  • These methods are being further evaluated for enhanced neurodegenerative biomarker detection.
  • Findings support the development of efficient EV isolation techniques for blood-based biomarkers.