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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Youssef A Ismail1, Huda A Auf1, Shahd A Sadik1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine Port Said Univeristy, Egypt, Port Said, Port Said, Egypt.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) often fails to detect cognitive impairment in individuals with moderate daily life limitations. Further screening tools are essential for accurate cognitive function assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a widely used tool for screening mild cognitive impairment.
  • It helps identify the need for specialist intervention.
  • This study evaluated MoCA's accuracy in patients with moderately impaired activities of daily living (ADL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity of the MoCA for diagnosing cognitive impairment in patients with moderate ADL impairment.
  • To assess MoCA's utility in recommending or excluding cognitive impairment diagnoses.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from 87 patients.
  • Utilized an optimal cut-off value of 29/30 for normal cognition (NC).
  • Included clinician assessments of cognitive impairment symptoms.

Main Results:

  • 26.4% of patients scoring 29/30 on MoCA met dementia criteria.
  • Significant cognitive and executive function impairments were observed, particularly in memory (65.20%).
  • No typical Alzheimer's disease pathology was found in most patients, despite cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • MoCA demonstrated low specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) in this cohort.
  • The tool failed to detect cognitive impairment in patients with moderate ADL limitations.
  • Additional screening tools are necessary for accurate cognitive assessment in such cases.