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Clinical Manifestations.

Aishwarya Jaikrishnan1, Nirumal Khumar2, Nooka Monika Reddy2

  • 1Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, TamilNadu, India.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is crucial for young individuals. Prompt immunotherapy, such as IVIG, can reverse severe neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits, preventing long-term disability.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmune Neurology

Background:

  • Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune brain disorder causing neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms.
  • It predominantly affects young individuals and necessitates early intervention to prevent lasting deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case study of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a young male.
  • To highlight the diagnostic process and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a 20-year-old male with new-onset seizures, visual hallucinations, and behavioral changes.
  • Neurological examination revealed catatonia and perioral dyskinesias.
  • Diagnostic workup included MRI, EEG, CSF analysis, and positive NMDA receptor antibody testing.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with seizures, psychosis, catatonia, and cognitive decline.
  • MRI showed left temporal hyperintensity; EEG and CSF were normal.
  • Positive NMDA receptor antibodies confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is critical for managing neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms.
  • Immunotherapy with IVIG led to significant clinical improvement, including resolution of catatonia and restoration of function.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital for preventing irreversible cognitive decline in this reversible condition.