Targeting Gut Microbiota in the Management of Functional Constipation: A Narrative Review

Functional constipation (FC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that negatively affects the quality of life. Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of FC, with dysbiosis, reduced diversity, and altered production of short-chain fatty acids that influence intestinal motility. Probiotics have shown potential for improving bowel movements and related symptoms in adults with FC. However, clinical outcomes vary depending on strain, dosage, and study design. Fecal microbiota transplantation has also emerged as a promising treatment, demonstrating improved stool frequency and colonic transit in selected patients. This narrative review summarizes the current understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and FC and highlights the therapeutic potential of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and optimize microbiota-targeted interventions for effective management of FC.