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Clinical Manifestations.

Diana C Oviedo1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Centro de Neurociencias, Panamá, Panamá, Panama.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive function in older Panamanian women is influenced by age, income, and education. Subjective cognitive concerns and depressive symptoms predict attention decline over time, highlighting key dementia risk factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Biological and social determinants significantly impact dementia risk.
  • In healthy older women, factors like age, socioeconomic status, education, income, employment, chronic illnesses, BMI, and depression influence cognitive function maintenance or decline.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for addressing cognitive health disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between social and biological factors and cognitive variation in cognitively healthy older Panamanian women.
  • To identify predictors of cognitive decline in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of women aged 60+ from the Panama Aging Research Initiative-Health Disparities (PARI-HD) study.
  • Cognitive domains were assessed at baseline (n=357) and 17-month follow-up (n=200) using clinical questionnaires, physiological measures, and a neuropsychological test battery.
  • Multiple regression and repeated measures analyses examined associations between demographic/clinical factors and cognitive changes.

Main Results:

  • Participants averaged 68.6 years with 16.1 years of education; 43.4% reported subjective cognitive impairment.
  • Age, income, and education strongly correlated with baseline cognition.
  • Subjective cognitive impairment was linked to lower global cognition, verbal learning, and memory. Attention declined at follow-up, predicted by subjective health and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective cognitive changes may precede objective deficits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease stages, serving as a potential risk factor.
  • Findings enhance understanding of cognitive health in older Hispanic women.
  • Sociodemographic and health factors are critical indicators for cognitive decline and dementia risk.