Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

749
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
749
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

516
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
516

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lifespan Trajectories of the Brain's Functional Complexity Characterized by Multiscale Sample Entropy.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Food for thought : The role of life cycle thinking in sustainable food system transitions.

EMBO reports·2026
Same author

Recurrent ZC3H18 mutations stabilize oncogenic endogenous retroviral RNA.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Tumor-Associated Platelets Suppress T-Cell Function and Promote Immune Evasion in TNBC via the P-selectin/ P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 Pathway.

Cancer research communications·2026
Same author

Evaluation of Autoregressive Models for Predicting Two-Dimensional Mandibular Landmark Displacement During Pubertal Growth.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2026
Same author

Elucidating Distinct and Common fMRI-Complexity Patterns in Preadolescent Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

JAACAP open·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Correlates and predictors of self-efficacy among dementia caregivers: D-CARE findings.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

What should convince a clinician of disease modification in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials?

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Primary cilia-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: Emerging mechanisms and biomarker potential.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Biomarkers.

Kay Jann1, Ru Zhang1, Jared Brown2

  • 1Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional MRI (fMRI) complexity, measured by Multiscale Sample Entropy (MSE), detects early cognitive decline. Altered fMRI complexity in specific brain regions indicates progression toward Alzheimer's Disease, suggesting its potential for early diagnosis.

More Related Videos

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K
Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Information Theory
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Nonlinear statistical techniques, particularly entropy-based fMRI complexity, are crucial for studying neurocognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Decreased fMRI complexity correlates with impaired information processing and Alzheimer's Disease progression.
  • This study explores fMRI complexity as an early marker for cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate fMRI complexity using Multiscale Sample Entropy (MSE) as an early indicator of cognitive decline.
  • Differentiate between participants with stable cognitive status and those progressing in disease stage.
  • Assess the potential of MSE for early diagnosis and prognostic monitoring in Alzheimer's Disease.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed fMRI data from participants categorized as normal cognition (NC), stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI), NC to MCI converters (NC2MCI), and MCI to Alzheimer's Disease converters (MCI2AD).
  • Preprocessed fMRI data using CONN-toolbox and calculated MSE with four scales, m=2, and r=0.3.
  • Employed generalized linear models and Dunnett's test for group comparisons, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in global grey-matter MSE was found across groups.
  • Statistically significant differences in MSE were observed in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), lateral temporal lobe (LTL), and medial temporal lobe (MTL).
  • Specifically, MCI2AD and NC2MCI groups showed reduced MSE in MFG, and the MCI2AD group showed reduced MSE in LTL.

Conclusions:

  • fMRI complexity (MSE) was significantly altered in individuals converting to more severe disease stages, but not in stable groups.
  • These findings highlight the sensitivity of fMRI complexity to early, presymptomatic changes associated with disease progression.
  • MSE shows promise as a tool for early Alzheimer's Disease diagnosis, prognostic monitoring, and personalized care.