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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

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Biomarkers.

Ashwati Vipin1, Gurveen Kaur Sandhu2, Rasyiqah Binte Shaik Mohamed Salim3

  • 1Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated phosphorylated-tau 181 (p-tau181) is linked to reduced grey matter (GM) brain perfusion via white matter hyperintensities (WMH). This suggests p-tau181 may contribute to dementia risk by impacting cerebral blood flow.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Reduced cerebral perfusion is a hallmark of cognitive decline and dementia.
  • Plasma biomarkers like Aβ1-40 and neuroinflammation markers are implicated in vascular aging.
  • The relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations and core pathologies (Aβ1-40, tau) is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of plasma Aβ1-40, phosphorylated-tau 181 (p-tau181), and age on cerebral perfusion.
  • To explore the mediating roles of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in these relationships.
  • To elucidate direct and indirect causal pathways influencing grey matter (GM) perfusion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Biomarker and Cognition Cohort Study in Singapore.
  • Employed cross-sectional Arterial Spin Labelling perfusion MRI and plasma biomarker assessments (p-tau181, Aβ1-40, GFAP).
  • Conducted path analyses to model relationships between predictors (p-tau181, Aβ1-40, age), mediators (WMH, GFAP), and outcome (GM perfusion).

Main Results:

  • p-tau181 and age significantly predicted both GFAP and WMH.
  • Increased WMH volume was associated with reduced GM perfusion.
  • A significant indirect effect of p-tau181 on GM perfusion was observed, mediated by WMH, indicating p-tau181 contributes to hypoperfusion via WMH.

Conclusions:

  • p-tau181 and age influence GM perfusion indirectly through WMH and GFAP.
  • Elevated p-tau181 appears to causally contribute to GM hypoperfusion by increasing WMH burden.
  • These findings highlight potential pathways linking tau pathology to cerebrovascular changes relevant to dementia risk.