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Clinical Manifestations.

Luis A Sierra1

  • 1William James College, Newton, MA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Huntington's disease (HD) cognitive decline shows a clear progression of verbal memory deficits, detectable years before motor symptoms using the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L). This tool aids in early detection and staging of HD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, with early verbal memory deficits preceding motor symptoms.
  • Sensitive cognitive assessment tools are crucial for understanding early HD pathology and disease progression.
  • The Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) assesses semantic interference, a cognitive function potentially impacted by HD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the progression of specific verbal memory deficits across different stages of Huntington's disease.
  • To evaluate the utility of the LASSI-L in detecting and staging cognitive changes in HD.
  • To correlate verbal memory impairment patterns with disease duration and severity in HD.

Main Methods:

  • 151 participants (89 HD patients, 62 controls) were assessed.
  • HD participants were categorized based on years from manifest disease (PIN and TMS scores).
  • LASSI-L subtests (Proactive Semantic Interference - PSI, Failure to Recover from PSI - frPSI, Retroactive Semantic Interference - RSI) were analyzed using ANCOVAs and post-hoc tests.

Main Results:

  • A sequential pattern of verbal memory deficits was observed: PSI deficits appeared >10 years before manifest HD.
  • frPSI deficits emerged <10 years from manifest HD, followed by RSI declines in the manifest stage.
  • 98% of HD participants showed impairments, with 88% exhibiting a clear PSI -> frPSI -> RSI progression.

Conclusions:

  • The LASSI-L effectively captures the progressive nature of semantic interference deficits in HD.
  • LASSI-L performance aids in early detection of cognitive changes and refinement of HD disease staging.
  • Understanding the progression of verbal memory impairments via LASSI-L enhances knowledge of HD-related cognitive decline.