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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Olivia Belbin1,2, Florencia Iulita1, Laura Videla1,2,3

  • 1Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Down syndrome (DS) is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and inflammation. This study found distinct peripheral and central inflammation profiles in DS, with CSF inflammation reflecting AD pathology in DSAD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and inflammation.
  • Understanding inflammation's role in DS and AD is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of DS and AD pathology to inflammation profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma.
  • To compare inflammation markers across different groups: controls, DS, DS with AD biomarkers (DSAD), and sporadic AD (sAD).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of paired blood plasma and CSF samples using the Olink Target 96 Inflammation panel.
  • Calculation of peripheral and central inflammation scores based on principal component analysis.
  • Statistical analysis including linear regression, Spearman correlation, and FDR control.

Main Results:

  • Trisomy 21 (DS) showed higher peripheral and lower central inflammation compared to controls.
  • DSAD patients exhibited significantly higher peripheral and central inflammation scores than DS individuals.
  • Central inflammation scores correlated with AD biomarkers (pTau181, NfL) in DSAD and sAD, but not peripheral scores.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is present in both plasma and CSF in individuals with DS, detectable before and during AD progression.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid inflammation markers accurately reflect AD pathophysiological changes in DSAD, even in pre-symptomatic stages.