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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Daniella Alicia Vellone1, Dylan X Guan1, Zahinoor Ismail1

  • 1Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild Behavioral Impairment with apathy (MBI-apathy) is linked to brain atrophy in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) regions. This suggests MBI-apathy may indicate early AD changes, even before significant cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) is a pre-dementia syndrome characterized by behavioral changes and a risk marker for cognitive decline.
  • The apathy domain of MBI is hypothesized to involve brain changes, but its relationship to apathy in dementia remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate volumetric brain differences between individuals with MBI-apathy and those without neuropsychiatric symptoms (No NPS).
  • To determine if MBI-apathy is associated with brain regions affected in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 446 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC).
  • Group comparison between MBI-apathy (n=59) and No NPS (n=387) using linear regression.
  • Analysis of regional brain volumes and cortical thickness, including AD-related and apathy-related regions, adjusted for covariates.

Main Results:

  • MBI-apathy was significantly associated with lower average AD composite cortical thickness and total volume.
  • Individuals with MBI-apathy showed reduced thickness in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and reduced volume in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dlPFC.

Conclusions:

  • MBI-apathy is associated with atrophy in brain regions typically affected early in AD.
  • These findings suggest MBI-apathy may reflect early AD-related brain changes in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment stages.
  • Apathy-related brain regions may be affected later in AD progression.