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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jamie Shaffer1,2, Aaron Y Lee2,3, Cecilia S Lee2,3

  • 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indoor air quality, specifically particulate matter (PM2.5) and low light levels, is linked to cognitive impairment in adults. Type 2 diabetes status also showed a significant association with cognitive function in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Neuroscience
  • Public health

Background:

  • Few studies investigate indoor environmental quality's impact on health.
  • The AI-READI project collects multimodal data on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive function.
  • This study analyzes indoor environmental factors and early cognitive impairment indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between indoor environmental quality and cognitive function.
  • To investigate the role of particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and light intensity.
  • To explore the relationship between T2DM status and cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1067 participants (aged 40+) in the AI-READI project.
  • Assessed cognitive function using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, binarized as impaired (<=25) or normal (>25).
  • Measured indoor environmental factors including PM, VOCs, NOX, and light intensity over 10 days.

Main Results:

  • 47% of participants exhibited cognitive impairment.
  • Higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and lower light intensity were associated with lower MoCA scores.
  • Significant association found between cognitive function and T2DM status (p < 0.001); no association with VOCs or NOX.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary findings indicate a link between indoor air quality (PM2.5, light) and cognitive function.
  • T2DM status is significantly associated with cognitive function.
  • Further research is needed to explore other indoor environmental factors.