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Clinical Manifestations.

Patricio Riquelme Contreras1,2,3,4, Natalia Santis Alay5, Fernando Henriquez6,7,8,9

  • 1Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Metropolitana, Chile.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients in Latin America exhibit poorer functional performance, particularly in basic activities of daily living (BADL), compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. This highlights a significant difference in functional impairment between these dementia types in the region.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Functional impairment (FI) in activities of daily living (ADL) is a key dementia diagnostic criterion, encompassing basic (BADL), instrumental (IADL), and advanced (aADL) dimensions.
  • While FI in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well-researched, its characterization in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), especially in diverse Latin American populations, remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare functional performance across basic, instrumental, and advanced activities of daily living between FTD and AD patients in Latin America.
  • To investigate the differences in functional impairment profiles between FTD and AD within a diverse Latin American cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 547 individuals (262 controls, 236 AD, 49 FTD) from the RedLat consortium across five Latin American countries.
  • Assessed functional performance using the Technology-Activities of Daily Living (T-ADLQ) global score and subscores (BADL, IADL, aADL).
  • Employed Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-hoc tests to compare T-ADLQ scores among the control, AD, and FTD groups.

Main Results:

  • FTD participants demonstrated poorer functional performance than AD participants across all T-ADLQ domains (global, BADL, IADL, aADL).
  • The difference in functional performance between FTD and AD was statistically significant specifically in the basic activities of daily living (BADL) domain.
  • AD patients exhibited poorer global cognitive performance compared to FTD patients, while FTD patients showed higher Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scores.

Conclusions:

  • Frontotemporal dementia patients in Latin America exhibit significantly poorer functional performance in basic activities of daily living compared to Alzheimer's disease patients.
  • These findings underscore distinct functional impairment profiles between FTD and AD in the Latin American context.
  • Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between functional performance, cognitive symptoms, and clinical presentation to fully characterize the FTD functional profile.