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Clinical Manifestations.

Jonathan S Kim1, Ghasem Farahmand1, Maria G Corona1,2

  • 1University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and subtle objective cognitive impairment (sOCI) together indicate the highest risk for progression to dementia. Informant-reported SCD is a stronger predictor than self-reported SCD or sOCI alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and subtle objective cognitive impairment (sOCI) are associated with increased risk of progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
  • Informant-reported SCD indicates a higher likelihood of future decline compared to patient-reported SCD.
  • The predictive value of sOCI versus SCD for cognitive decline is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the combined impact of sOCI and SCD on the risk of progression to MCI or dementia.
  • To determine if informant-reported SCD is a stronger predictor than patient-reported SCD.
  • To assess if sOCI provides predictive value beyond SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Participants free from MCI or dementia at baseline from UC Irvine ADRC were included.
  • SCD was assessed using Uniform Data Set (UDS) Form B9 (self and informant-reported).
  • sOCI was defined by scores at least one standard deviation below the mean in story memory and list learning delayed recall.

Main Results:

  • Participants with both sOCI and SCD exhibited the highest risk of progression.
  • Informant-reported SCD (HR=2.97) was the strongest predictor, followed by sOCI (HR=2.61) and self-reported SCD (HR=1.85).
  • SCD alone showed a slightly higher risk than sOCI alone.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of sOCI and SCD confers the highest risk for cognitive decline, necessitating close monitoring.
  • sOCI offers unique prognostic value beyond self-reported SCD, suggesting integration of objective measures enhances early detection.
  • Informant-reported SCD may serve as an independent predictor of cognitive impairment.