Evolving core values in family medicine across regions: a global scoping review

Family Medicine (FM) core values shape clinical practice, medical education, policy, and research. While universally recognised FM principles exist, their interpretation and implementation may vary significantly across different contexts, countries and time.

This scoping review systematically examined literature from diverse international sources to identify and analyse the evolving core values of FM. Relevant studies were reviewed to determine common themes, variations, contextual influences shaping FM and emerging themes.

Twenty-one studies were included. Core values such as person-centred care, continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination featured prominently across the literature. Although these traditional values persisted, their interpretations and prioritisations varied significantly according to geopolitical and healthcare system structures. Regional differences reflected local workforce structures, healthcare challenges, and sociopolitical context. High-income regions emphasised values like relational care, stewardship, and advocacy reflecting evolving expectations towards social responsiveness. Lower-resourced areas prioritised accessibility, procedural competence, and team-based leadership, responding pragmatically to infrastructural constraints. Over time, new values such as sustainability, comfort with complexity, and social accountability have emerged, indicating global concern for equity, physician well-being and proactive public engagement.

This review highlights a dynamic landscape of FM values, shaped by both universal principles and local adaptation. As countries refine their health systems and FM roles, there is a need for value frameworks that are both globally informed and locally grounded. Clear articulation of values will guide education, policy, research, and professional identity, ensuring that FM remains responsive and relevant amidst evolving healthcare landscapes.