Biofortification as a sustainable strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition in South Asia

Malnutrition is a significant public health concern affecting many populations, particularly in developing countries such as India and its neighboring economies. It can lead to adverse health outcomes, including stunted growth, impaired cognition, and increased susceptibility to disease. This review attempts to summarize the problems associated with malnutrition in different age groups in India and its neighboring countries, and the accompanying factors contributing to it. We also summarize the different biofortification techniques, which, when appropriately implemented, can alleviate these problems and potentially increase the availability and accessibility of crucial micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals in the diets of vulnerable populations. Government schemes and policies for scaling up biofortification interventions, as well as increasing public awareness and acceptance of biofortified crops, have also been delineated. In conclusion, while significant challenges remain, biofortification represents a promising approach for combating malnutrition, although further research and evaluations are needed to realize its potential impact fully.