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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
511

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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Laura E Jonkman1, Niels Reijner1, Maud M A Bouwman1

  • 1Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postmortem MRI accurately reflects in-vivo imaging in neurodegenerative diseases. This study links imaging biomarkers to specific pathologies like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD), aiding disease monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), involves pathological protein accumulation and cognitive decline.
  • Non-invasive, pathology-sensitive neuroimaging biomarkers are crucial for defining disease state, monitoring progression, and developing treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate neuroimaging findings with neuropathological substrates in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To validate postmortem in-situ MRI as a proxy for antemortem in-vivo MRI.
  • To identify imaging biomarkers for specific disease pathologies and their impact on brain structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a unique within-subject correlative postmortem in-situ MRI and neuropathology approach in over 100 brain donors with neurodegenerative disease.
  • Assessed MRI measures including cortical thickness, microstructural integrity, and connectome function.
  • Quantitatively analyzed digital pathology for amyloid-beta (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (pTau), alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein), and TDP-43 inclusions, alongside markers for neuroinflammation, myelin, neuro-axonal degeneration, and synaptic density.

Main Results:

  • Postmortem in-situ MRI effectively serves as a proxy for antemortem in-vivo MRI.
  • Cortical atrophy patterns in AD correlate with Aβ plaques and neuro-axonal damage.
  • T1w/T2w ratio indicates broader cortical integrity beyond myelin; LATE co-pathology exacerbates volume loss in AD and LBD.
  • α-synuclein pathology impacts brain network reorganization in LBD; hippocampal subfields show selective vulnerability.
  • Cell loss in mono-aminergic and cholinergic nuclei correlates with microstructural alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating clinical, radiological, and histopathological data provides fundamental knowledge for interpreting neuroimaging in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • This approach enhances the understanding of disease mechanisms and aids in the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.