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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Sophia Nazir1, Yinghui Wei2, Genhua Pan1

  • 1University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a highly sensitive graphene biosensor for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection. This ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor can detect AD biomarkers in body fluids, aiding early diagnosis and clinical trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Detection
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia, impacting millions globally.
  • Early AD detection is crucial due to the absence of disease-modifying treatments.
  • Lack of sensitive, minimally invasive diagnostics hinders clinical trials for AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for early Alzheimer's disease detection.
  • To detect specific AD biomarkers, tau-441 and tau-217, in various body fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a graphene-based electrochemical platform for the immunosensor.
  • Utilized a printed graphene biosensor for body fluid biomarker detection.
  • Integrated 3D graphene foam for enhanced surface area and binding sites.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an impressive detection range from 1 femtomolar (fM) to 1 picomolar (pM).
  • Established the lowest reported limit of detection (LoD) for a graphene-based biosensor at the femtomolar level.
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity, reproducibility, and numerous binding sites due to 3D graphene foam.

Conclusions:

  • The biosensor's high sensitivity allows detection of AD biomarkers at low concentrations.
  • Applicable for monitoring biomarkers across different disease stages.
  • Potential valuable tool for early AD diagnosis and clinical trial recruitment.