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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Giuseppe Noce1, Dharmendra Jakhar2, Claudio Del Percio2

  • 1IRCCS Synlab SDN, Naples, Italy.

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|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) show distinct resting-state EEG patterns. In HD, altered delta and alpha brainwave activity correlates with motor, cognitive, and functional decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Huntington's disease (HD) presents unique clinical features compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD), notably in vigilance, motor, functional, and cognitive domains.
  • Resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms may reflect these distinct clinical impairments in HD and AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in rsEEG source activity between HD patients, AD patients, and healthy controls.
  • To determine the relationship between specific rsEEG abnormalities and clinical deficits in HD.

Main Methods:

  • Collected clinical and rsEEG data from age-, sex-, and education-matched groups: HD patients (N=29), AD patients (N=24), and healthy older adults (N=29).
  • Computed EEG source localization using eLORETA software.

Main Results:

  • Both AD and HD patients showed increased widespread delta source activity compared to controls, with higher levels in HD (HD > AD).
  • In HD patients, severe motor deficits correlated with high delta and theta activity; severe cognitive deficits correlated with lower alpha and higher delta activity; severe functional deficits correlated with high delta activity.

Conclusions:

  • Disruptions in cortical neural synchronization at delta and alpha frequencies in HD are distinctly linked to cognitive, motor, and functional impairments during quiet wakefulness.
  • These findings suggest a unique interplay between cholinergic and dopaminergic systems influencing alpha and delta brainwave generation in HD.