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Clinical Manifestations.

Mayowa T Ogunronbi1, Oladotun V Olalusi2, Gabriel O Ogunde3

  • 1Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria, Oyo, Nigeria.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low education levels are linked to cognitive decline in people living with HIV (PLWHA) in Nigeria. Improving education may help reduce both infectious and non-communicable diseases, including HIV and dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sub-Saharan Africa faces a dual burden of infectious (HIV/AIDS) and non-communicable diseases.
  • HIV/AIDS, alongside aging and vascular risks, contributes to cognitive dysfunction in the region.
  • Determinants of cognitive dysfunction among people living with HIV (PLWHA) are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlates of cognitive dysfunction among PLWHA in Abeokuta, South West Nigeria.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 352 PLWHA in Abeokuta, Nigeria.
  • Data collected via WHO stepwise questionnaire, assessing HIV status, cardiovascular risks, cognitive function (IDEA score), functional outcome, and depression.
  • Quantile regression analysis explored independent determinants of cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • 4.8% of participants (17 individuals) exhibited cognitive impairment.
  • Hypertension, alcohol use, low education, and low income were significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction in bivariate analysis.
  • Increasing education levels showed a dose-response relationship with better cognitive performance after adjusting for other factors.

Conclusions:

  • Low educational attainment is independently associated with cognitive performance in PLWHA.
  • Strategies to improve education in Sub-Saharan Africa could help reduce the burden of both infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as HIV and dementia.