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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jacklyn Leonardo1, Gurveen Kaur Sandhu1, Ashwati Vipin2

  • 1Dementia Research Centre (Singapore), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular factors significantly impact dementia biomarkers in Southeast Asians, with higher amyloid burden, GFAP, NfL, and pTau181 observed. Region-specific research is crucial for understanding dementia risk in diverse populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Population Health

Background:

  • Dementia research predominantly focuses on Western populations, neglecting Southeast Asia's ethnic diversity.
  • Singapore's unique multi-ethnic population (Chinese, Malay, Indian) presents an opportunity to study dementia risk factors.
  • Gaps exist in understanding demographic, genetic, and white matter influences on blood biomarkers in Southeast Asia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate demographic, genetic, and cerebral white matter influences on blood-based dementia biomarkers in Singapore.
  • To compare dementia biomarker profiles in a Southeast Asian cohort with Western cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1,646 participants from the Biomarker and Cognition Study Singapore (BIOCIS).
  • Stratification by cognitive status (Cognitively Unimpaired, Mild Cognitive Impairment), age, gender, race, APOE ε4 status, Fazekas score, and Staals score.
  • Comparison of plasma biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, pTau181, NfL) between groups and with Western MCI cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Fazekas positivity correlated with altered biomarkers in Cognitively Unimpaired individuals (excluding Aβ42/40 ratio).
  • In Mild Cognitive Impairment, vascular burden (Fazekas/Staals positivity) linked to elevated GFAP, pTau181, and NfL.
  • The BIOCIS MCI cohort exhibited lower amyloid burden and APOE4 positivity but higher white matter hyperintensities compared to Western cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Fazekas positivity influences dementia biomarker profiles in Southeast Asians, emphasizing vascular contributions.
  • Vascular burden in the MCI group suggests a persistent influence on biomarker profiles.
  • Distinct biomarker profiles necessitate region-specific research for improved dementia diagnosis and care in Southeast Asia.