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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Qu Tian1, Erin E Greig1, Michael R Duggan2

  • 1National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual decline in memory and gait in older adults is linked to specific plasma protein changes over time. These proteomic signatures may indicate elevated dementia risk and involve mitochondrial and synaptic functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Dual decline in memory and gait is a significant predictor of dementia risk in aging populations.
  • Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying dual decline is crucial for early detection and prevention strategies.
  • Proteomic signatures offer novel insights into the complex biological processes associated with dual decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify longitudinal proteomic signatures associated with dual memory and gait decline.
  • To explore the biological domains and pathways implicated in dual decline.
  • To examine the relationship between proteomic changes and brain aging markers and neurodegenerative biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 7,268 plasma proteomic markers cross-sectionally and longitudinally in older adults using the SomaScan platform.
  • Utilized linear mixed-effects regression and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA).
  • Examined associations with MRI-derived brain aging scores and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegeneration biomarkers (e.g., pTau181, NfL).

Main Results:

  • No cross-sectional proteomic differences were observed between declining and non-declining groups.
  • Longitudinally, the dual decline group showed significant changes in 75 proteins related to structural stabilization, synapse, immune response, proteostasis, and lipid metabolism.
  • Mitochondrial protein degradation was the top enriched pathway (FDR-p<0.0001).
  • Longitudinal protein changes correlated with accelerated brain atrophy in multiple brain regions and were associated with AD and neurodegeneration biomarkers, including pTau181.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults with dual decline exhibit distinct longitudinal plasma protein changes.
  • Mitochondrial function, synaptic function, proteostasis, and immune responses are potential biological links between dual decline and dementia risk.
  • Further research in diverse aging cohorts is needed to validate these proteomic findings.