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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Sadhani Karunarathna1, Monique Breslin1, Jane E Alty2,3

  • 1Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual decline in gait and memory is linked to smaller brain volumes in regions affecting memory and executive function. This exploratory study highlights potential brain correlates of combined gait and cognitive decline, warranting further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Dual decline in gait and cognition increases dementia risk, particularly with gait speed and delayed memory.
  • Brain correlates of this dual decline are not well understood.
  • This study investigates associations between regional brain volumes and dual decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between baseline regional brain volumes and dual decline in gait speed and delayed memory.
  • To identify specific brain regions associated with combined gait and cognitive deterioration.

Main Methods:

  • Participants over 60 years (n=266) underwent brain MRI and serial gait/memory assessments.
  • Participants were categorized into non-decline, gait only, cognition only, or dual decline groups.
  • Multinomial logistic regression analyzed associations between 21 regional brain volumes and decline groups.

Main Results:

  • Lower volumes in the superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, middle frontal gyrus, thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampus were linked to higher dual decline risk.
  • Reduced thalamic volume correlated with gait-only decline, and cerebellar volume with cognition-only decline.
  • These associations were not significant after multiple comparison correction.

Conclusions:

  • Regions involved in memory, executive function, and motor control show associations with dual decline.
  • This exploratory study suggests potential brain structural underpinnings.
  • Larger studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and investigate diverse brain pathologies.