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Clinical Manifestations.

Lucia Fernandez-Romero1, Silvia Oliver-Mas1, Cristina Delgado-Alonso1

  • 1Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) affects non-linguistic cognitive domains, impacting attention, memory, and visuospatial skills. Identifying these cognitive profiles aids in diagnosing and classifying PPA variants for better patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome primarily causing language decline.
  • Early-stage PPA may involve non-linguistic cognitive impairments, complicating diagnosis and variant classification.
  • This study investigated non-linguistic cognitive alterations in PPA and its subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify non-linguistic cognitive deficits in patients with PPA.
  • To explore differences in cognitive profiles across PPA variants: non-fluent (nfvPPA), semantic (svPPA), and logopenic (lvPPA).
  • To assess the potential of cognitive domain assessment for PPA diagnosis and classification.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 157 PPA patients and 74 controls.
  • PPA variants classified using language, neuroimaging (FDG-PET), and biomarker data.
  • Assessed attention, working memory, executive functions, episodic memory, and visuospatial abilities using standardized tests.

Main Results:

  • PPA variants showed significant deficits across multiple cognitive domains compared to controls.
  • Logopenic (lvPPA) and semantic (svPPA) variants had poorer episodic memory than non-fluent (nfvPPA).
  • Logopenic (lvPPA) patients performed worse on visuospatial and executive tasks than semantic (svPPA); nfvPPA patients had lower attention/working memory scores than svPPA.

Conclusions:

  • Non-linguistic cognitive impairments are present in PPA and its variants.
  • Distinct cognitive profiles exist across PPA subtypes, potentially aiding diagnosis and classification.
  • Cognitive assessments can support patient diagnosis, variant stratification, and disease progression monitoring in PPA.