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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Tina T Vo1,2, Christine Fennema-Notestine1,2, Carol E Franz1,2

  • 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poor sleep quality is linked to elevated tau biomarkers in older men, particularly those with lower genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Addressing sleep may be a modifiable factor in AD prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Poor sleep quality is prevalent in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD).
  • Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between poor sleep and increased AD risk, but mechanisms remain unclear.
  • This study investigates the association between sleep quality (SQ), Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) genotype, and blood-based AD biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between sleep quality and AD-related blood biomarkers.
  • To investigate the interaction between sleep quality and APOE ɛ4 genotype on these biomarkers.
  • To explore potential pathways linking sleep and AD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 938 men from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA).
  • Assessed self-reported sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  • Measured blood biomarkers: Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau (pTau231), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
  • Calculated a weighted APOE score based on ɛ2 and ɛ4 allele presence.

Main Results:

  • Poorer sleep quality was significantly associated with elevated pTau231 levels.
  • Higher genetic risk (weighted APOE score) was linked to lower Aβ42/40 ratio and increased GFAP levels.
  • A significant interaction between APOE genotype and sleep quality indicated that the association between poor sleep and elevated pTau231 was weaker in individuals with higher genetic risk.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated pTau231 may indicate early AD-related processes, suggesting poor sleep quality could be linked to these early stages.
  • For individuals with lower genetic risk for AD, poor sleep quality might represent an alternative pathway in AD pathogenesis.
  • These findings highlight the importance of sleep quality as a potential modifiable risk factor for AD and emphasize considering genetic risk in sleep-related studies.