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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Reshaping multiple myeloma treatment: recent breakthroughs.

Enrica Antonia Martino1, Santino Caserta1, Ernesto Vigna1

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Advances in bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and CAR-T cell therapies are transforming multiple myeloma treatment, offering deep responses. Personalized strategies aim for functional cures while managing challenges like toxicity and relapse.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The treatment landscape for multiple myeloma (MM) is rapidly evolving with novel immune-based strategies.
  • Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, and trispecific antibodies (TsAbs) are emerging as key players.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and future directions of immune-based therapies in multiple myeloma.
  • To highlight the efficacy, challenges, and ongoing innovations in BsAbs and CAR-T therapies for MM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical data and literature on BsAbs (teclistamab, elranatamab, talquetamab) and CAR-T therapies (idecabtagene vicleucel, ciltacabtagene autoleucel) in MM.
  • Discussion of challenges including T-cell exhaustion, infections, and logistical issues.
  • Exploration of innovations like dual-target CAR-T and allogeneic platforms.

Main Results:

  • Off-the-shelf BsAbs demonstrate significant activity in heavily pretreated MM patients.
  • CAR-T therapies achieve high response rates and rapid minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity.
  • Innovations aim to enhance durability, expand access, and overcome treatment limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Immune-based therapies are reshaping MM treatment paradigms, enabling deeper and more durable responses.
  • Personalized treatment strategies incorporating risk stratification and MRD assessment are crucial.
  • The goal is to achieve functional cures and improve outcomes for MM patients.