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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Qu Tian1, Carla Hamwi2, Yang An3

  • 1National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eye movement metrics, particularly saccades and speed-related measures, are linked to cognitive impairment in older adults. These findings suggest eye tracking may help assess cognitive health and detect early signs of decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Ocular motor function (eye movement) is a key indicator of brain health.
  • Eye tracking offers a non-invasive, quantitative method to study cognition and neurological diseases.
  • Understanding specific eye movement metrics' links to cognitive domains is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore relationships between diverse eye movement metrics and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling adults.
  • To identify sensitive and specific eye movement measures for various cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 51 eye movement measures from 544 older adults using a portable eye tracker.
  • Used principal component analysis (PCA) on eye movement categories and measurement types.
  • Assessed cognitive impairment and neuropsychological performance, adjusting for age and sex.

Main Results:

  • Saccadic eye movements and speed-related metrics (latency, velocity, variability) associated with cognitive impairment.
  • Saccades linked to Mini-Mental State Exam, executive function, and visuo-perceptual speed.
  • Smooth pursuit, reaction time, gain, and latency associated with attention, executive function, and manual dexterity.

Conclusions:

  • Saccades and speed-related eye movement metrics correlate with cognitive impairment.
  • Specific eye movement metrics are associated with distinct cognitive domains.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm predictive value for cognitive decline.