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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Xuefeng Ma1, Bing Zhang1, Futao Chen1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients show impaired neurovascular coupling (NVC) and spatial navigation, linked to preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). This brain NVC decoupling may explain navigation deficits in SCD individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents a high-risk group for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Neurovascular coupling (NVC), the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF), offers insights into neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Spatial navigation impairment is an early indicator in SCD, but its link to NVC changes assessed by ultra-high field MRI remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in NVC and their association with spatial navigation function in individuals with SCD.
  • To utilize advanced 5.0T MRI techniques, including arterial spin labeling (ASL) and multi-echo functional MRI (fMRI), for high-resolution imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 30 normal controls (NC) and 29 SCD individuals for comprehensive assessments.
  • Measured CBF using ASL and analyzed brain activity using fMRI (ALFF, fALFF).
  • Compared NVC (CBF/ALFF, CBF/fALFF ratios) between groups and correlated findings with spatial navigation, cognitive performance, and plasma biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • SCD individuals exhibited reduced NVC and poorer spatial navigation performance.
  • Significantly lower CBF and CBF/ALFF, CBF/fALFF ratios were observed in specific brain regions in the SCD group.
  • NVC ratios, plasma biomarkers, and spatial navigation performance showed significant correlations, with combined imaging and navigation data achieving high classification accuracy for SCD.

Conclusions:

  • The SCD population demonstrates impaired NVC and spatial navigation deficits, significantly associated with each other.
  • Brain NVC decoupling is proposed as a potential neuropathological mechanism underlying spatial navigation impairment in SCD.