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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Laura Vegas-Gomez1, Jesus Garcia-Martin1, Maria Angeles Arredondo-Alcala1

  • 1Dept. Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga. IBIMA., Malaga, Spain.

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Summary

Depression may cause Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Chronic stress in mice induced depressive symptoms and worsened AD markers, suggesting depression is a risk factor for AD development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Late-life depression is linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Depression accelerates AD onset in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, particularly women.
  • Depressed MCI patients exhibit increased amyloid-beta burden and higher AD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if depression causes Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • To determine if late-life depression acts as a risk factor for dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Inducing chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in tau transgenic P301S mice.
  • Observing phenotypic changes and behavioral studies.
  • Conducting histological analyses to assess AD pathology.

Main Results:

  • CUMS induction resulted in depressive-like phenotypic changes in transgenic mice.
  • Behavioral and histological data suggest depression exacerbates AD pathology.
  • Depression-like induction was shown to worsen AD pathology in the experimental model.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support depression as a potential risk factor for AD.
  • The study could elucidate mechanisms linking depression and AD.
  • Results may aid in developing early biomarkers and novel AD therapies.