[Nasal Polyposis]

Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the mucosa characterized by the development of benign inflammatory growths within the nasal and sinus cavities. It is usually associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) but is also observed in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, vasculitis, and cystic fibrosis. Its pathogenesis is believed to arise from a complex interaction of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors. It can present with nasal obstruction, anosmia, rhinorrhea and facial pain, thus reducing the quality of life of affected patients. Diagnosis is based on careful history and physical exam, including anterior rhinoscopy or endoscopic examination. Imaging studies help assess the disease's extent and aid in surgical planning. Treatment strategies may range from medical management with corticosteroids and targeted biologics to surgical intervention in severe or refractory disease cases. The role of surgery is to remove the anatomic obstruction in order to enhance the effect of topical intranasal steroids on the affected sinonasal mucosa postoperatively.