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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Maria Sevilla-García1,2, Federico Ramírez2,3, Fernando Maestú2,3,4

  • 1Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain structure changes with age, even in healthy individuals. Key anatomical measures and diffusion metrics like fractional anisotropy (FA) decline, while axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) increase, indicating aging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology
  • Brain Anatomy

Background:

  • Healthy aging involves brain structural and functional changes impacting cognition.
  • Distinguishing normal aging from neurodegeneration is vital for health strategies.
  • Brain plasticity is a key factor in cognitive function during aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in brain anatomy and structural connectivity.
  • To correlate specific MRI-derived metrics with chronological age in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed MRI data from 278 healthy adults aged 50-82.
  • Extracted cortical and subcortical brain measures (e.g., hippocampal volume, gray matter volume, cortical thickness) using FreeSurfer.
  • Assessed structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics (FA, NoS, AD, RD) via MRtrix3.

Main Results:

  • Significant age-related decline observed in all anatomical brain measures.
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) significantly decreased with age.
  • Axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) significantly increased with age.

Conclusions:

  • The aging brain undergoes significant anatomical and structural alterations even without pathology.
  • These findings highlight normative brain changes associated with healthy aging.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for developing targeted aging interventions.