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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Mark He1, Sean R Jacobson2, Rebecca A Betensky3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of inflammation, is linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). This finding, based on a large electronic health record study, highlights the importance of peripheral inflammation in AD/ADRD development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Neutrophils are implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) indicates neutrophil-mediated inflammation and is linked to dementia risk.
  • Previous studies on NLR and dementia risk used small cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generalizability of the association between NLR and dementia risk in a large population.
  • To utilize electronic health records (EHR) data for a comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of EHR data from 287,985 patients (2011-2023).
  • Utilized cause-specific Cox regression to assess the association between NLR and AD/ADRD incidence.
  • Adjusted for demographic and clinical confounders, with death as a censoring event.
  • Employed cumulative incidence function (CIF) curves for risk assessment over time.

Main Results:

  • A positive and independent association was found between log-transformed NLR and the risk of AD/ADRD (HR = 1.160).
  • Significant increasing relationships were observed between NLR and AD/ADRD risk.
  • Subgroup analyses confirmed significant associations, notably higher risk among Hispanic patients.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated NLR is associated with a greater risk of future AD/ADRD.
  • These findings underscore the role of peripheral inflammation in AD pathology.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking neutrophil biology to AD.