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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ines Hristovska1, Alexa Pichet Binette2,3,4, Atul Kumar1

  • 1Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified key proteins linked to white matter lesion progression and cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). These plasma biomarkers can improve prediction of future cerebrovascular events for personalized prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Proteomics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a primary cause of vascular dementia and stroke.
  • White matter lesions (WML) are the most common cSVD manifestation, but its pathophysiology and plasma biomarkers remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore mechanisms of WML progression and cognitive decline in cSVD.
  • To validate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-identified biomarkers in plasma for cSVD.
  • To assess the predictive potential of plasma biomarkers for future cerebrovascular events.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 1,388 CSF proteins using Olink in the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort.
  • Used linear models and linear mixed-effects models to identify proteins associated with WML progression and cognitive decline.
  • Validated CSF proteins in plasma using SOMAscan7k and Olink, and assessed their association with 5-year cerebrovascular risk in UK Biobank.

Main Results:

  • Identified proteins uniquely associated with WML progression, enriched in microglial and macrophage populations.
  • Found that WML-associated proteins partly mediate the link between WML and cognitive decline.
  • Validated key cSVD-associated proteins (MMP7, MMP12, TNFRSF11B, GDF15) in plasma and demonstrated their predictive value for cerebrovascular events, outperforming traditional risk models.

Conclusions:

  • Discovered novel proteins linked to WML progression and cognitive decline, advancing cSVD pathophysiology understanding.
  • Validated proteomic markers in plasma with significant predictive value for cerebrovascular outcomes.
  • Highlighted the potential of these plasma biomarkers for early risk stratification and personalized cSVD prevention.