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Clinical Manifestations.

Xiaoduo Liu1, Zhibin Wang1, Yi Tang2,3

  • 1Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights neuroplasticity in an adult with early traumatic brain injury (TBI) and left hemisphere underdevelopment. Despite severe injury, the patient exhibits normal cognitive and motor functions, demonstrating the brain's remarkable adaptability.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurorehabilitation

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of childhood disability.
  • The extent of neuroplasticity following brain injury is not fully understood.
  • This case examines an adult with severe intracranial hemorrhage from birth trauma, resulting in left hemisphere lobe underdevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term cognitive and motor outcomes in an individual with severe infantile traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • To explore the role of neuroplasticity in adapting to significant early-life brain damage.
  • To document a case of unexpected normal functioning despite structural abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 29-year-old female presenting with transient memory loss.
  • Detailed clinical examinations including MRI, CT angiography, EEG, and neuropsychological assessments.
  • Review of patient history, specifically a traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 2 months of age.

Main Results:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed underdevelopment of the left prefrontal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
  • No significant findings were noted on cerebral angiography, EEG, or laboratory tests.
  • Neuropsychological assessments indicated normal cognitive and motor functioning, with a diagnosis of transient global amnesia made for the memory episode.

Conclusions:

  • An individual with infantile traumatic brain injury (TBI) and significant left hemisphere underdevelopment can achieve normal adult cognition and motor function.
  • This case underscores the brain's potent neuroplasticity in adapting to adverse conditions.
  • Findings may inform future rehabilitation strategies and therapies for TBI survivors.