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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Xiaoqing Huang1, Rishit Puri2, Dayu Sun3

  • 1Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals distinct brain connectivity patterns in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Asymptomatic AD shows more negative covariance in key regions, unlike typical AD, offering potential early diagnostic biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers high spatial resolution for non-invasive brain activity investigation.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) research requires understanding functional connectivity changes in brain networks for different subtypes.
  • Comparing asymptomatic and typical AD groups can reveal early brain network alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare functional connectivity in asymptomatic and typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) groups using resting-state fMRI.
  • To identify early alterations in brain networks associated with AD subtypes.
  • To explore the potential of fMRI as a biomarker for early AD detection and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three distinct analytical pipelines on ADNI resting-state fMRI data.
  • Employed functional atlases, Graphical Lasso, and group sparse covariance estimation (Nilearn).
  • Applied independent component analysis (ICA) and mutual information, alongside FSL for advanced decomposition and dual regression.

Main Results:

  • Visualized brain activity and connectivity using heatmaps and network diagrams across pipelines.
  • Asymptomatic AD exhibited more negative covariance in regions like the right posterior temporal area and default mode network compared to typical AD.
  • Typical AD showed high positive connectivity in areas including the auditory cortex, intraparietal sulcus, and anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions:

  • fMRI techniques effectively highlight connectivity differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic AD stages.
  • Brain graph analysis provides insights into AD pathophysiology, identifying critical regions for early detection.
  • fMRI holds promise as a clinical biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease detection and therapeutic strategies.