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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ashleigh Barrett-Young1, Erin E Cawston2, Brigid Ryan3

  • 1University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma phosphorylated tau (pTau181) levels vary widely in middle-aged adults. This Alzheimer's disease biomarker may increase early, before cognitive decline, suggesting potential for preclinical detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Aging Studies

Background:

  • Plasma pTau181 is a known Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker, but its preclinical utility in middle-aged cohorts is not well understood.
  • Investigating plasma pTau181 in a community-based, middle-aged cohort is crucial for understanding early AD risk indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between plasma pTau181 levels and indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in a middle-aged cohort.
  • To explore the potential of plasma pTau181 as an early, preclinical biomarker for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, assessing 1037 individuals at age 45.
  • Measured plasma pTau181 using Simoa technology and collected MRI data.
  • Assessed cognitive ability across multiple time points and calculated a composite pace of aging measure.

Main Results:

  • Observed a broad range of plasma pTau181 levels in the 856 participants assessed.
  • Found significantly higher pTau181 levels in males compared to females, excluding those with kidney disease.
  • No significant associations were found between plasma pTau181 and cognitive function, brain structure (MRI), or aging biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • The wide pTau181 range suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood biomarkers may elevate in midlife, potentially preceding clinical symptoms.
  • Plasma pTau181 in midlife may serve as an early indicator for AD risk, warranting further longitudinal investigation.
  • Future assessments will determine if midlife plasma pTau181 predicts later-life AD onset.