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Clinical Manifestations.

Kirsten Horne Crenshaw1

  • 1University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Semantic Intrusion Errors (SIEs) measured by the LASSI-L test are linked to early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD). These errors reflect both memory and executive function deficits, aiding in early detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Semantic Intrusion Errors (SIEs) involve producing semantically related incorrect words.
  • The Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) assesses SIEs.
  • SIEs are associated with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD), potentially indicating executive or memory deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between SIEs measured by LASSI-L and executive function.
  • To determine if LASSI-L performance can differentiate between cognitively unimpaired and impaired individuals.
  • To explore the utility of LASSI-L in detecting early AD/ADRD-related cognitive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-five older adults (25 cognitively unimpaired, 20 cognitively impaired/MCI) were evaluated.
  • Participants completed the LASSI-L with a delayed semantic source memory condition.
  • Linear regressions analyzed associations between LASSI-L performance and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).

Main Results:

  • SIEs on LASSI-L and WCST perseverative errors differentiated diagnostic groups.
  • WCST perseverative errors correlated with SIEs related to proactive semantic interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI.
  • Correct recognition and WCST errors independently predicted outcomes, explaining over 50% of the variance.

Conclusions:

  • SIEs assessed by LASSI-L reflect deficits in both source memory and executive function.
  • LASSI-L offers a promising alternative to traditional memory tests for detecting subtle executive function deficits.
  • LASSI-L may be valuable for identifying early stages of AD/ADRD.